The Epic of Gilgamesh

The Epic of Gilgamesh is an intriguing Sumerian poem that focuses on the social, political and spiritual lives of the ancient people in their contemporary times. Influenced and controlled by his queer body features, Gilgamesh is the main character who posses both godly and human body. Alluding from the bible, the poem combines the traditional beliefs and practices of the Sumerian people to highlight different themes in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Epic of Gilgamesh specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Succinctly, the main theme, which is friendship, revolves around two main characters, Gilgamesh and Enkidu. The elusive coalition between Enkidu and Gilgamesh, their fateful destinies and eventual epiphanies broaden the societal apprehension of the elements/value of friendship as expounded in the next discussion. According to the poet, friendship occurs between people who have similar personalities, behavior and bodily features. Gilgamesh is the King of Uruk and beside his physical attributes, he has a domineering character that portrays him as an oppressive ruler. For instance, Foster writes that, â€Å"Gilgamesh does not leave a girl to her mother (?)/There is no rival who can raise his weapon against him† (Foster I 26-32). Due to his oppressive nature, the gods decide to intervene by creating a man who had similar strength as that of Gilgamesh. Enkidu lives in a forest with wild animals. Physically, he had a hairy body but lived and ate like wild animals. Therefore, for Enkidu to behave like a human being Gilgamesh tricked him with a harlot through sex leading to his expulsion from the animal kingdom. Thus, the first friendship Enkidu experienced was between the harlot and him. However, the harlot’s move was as per the king’s directions. Intuitively, Enkidu’s friendship with the harlot not only makes him to loss his wild character but also introdu ces him into the sin of fornication. Therefore, the harlot betrays the first friendship Enkidu experienced with the human beings. The epic elaborates friendship as a mutual relationship, which may change an individual’s life forever. For instance, before meeting Shamhat, Enkidu new nothing about sex and other food stuffs like bread and beer. Nevertheless, within a short encounter with Shamhat his lifestyle, character and personality takes an opposite direction an event the poet focuses on to highlight the theme of friendship. Consequently, to establish a solid relationship (friendship) an individual has to sacrifice/give up some practices in his/her life, as it is the case with Enkidu. However, the pernicious encounter between Enkidu and Gilgamesh sets a strong bond for their friendship. It is on a wedding day and as it is the norm, Gilgamesh decides to deflower the girl before she starts her marriage life. Unfortunately, Enkidu interrupts the ordeal and a fight erupts betwee n the two. Surprisingly, none of them wins the fight and the two enemies settle on becoming friends when Enkidu declares â€Å"Enlil has destined for you the kingship over the people/ they kissed each other and became friends† (Foster II 56-57).Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gilgamesh and Enkidu embark on a close friendship that motivates them to face any danger in the world. Analytically, friendship can start in unclear circumstances like fights or quarrels, as it is the case with Enkidu and Gilgamesh. Furthermore, Ninsun who is Gilgamesh’s mother welcomes Enkidu as one of the family members. The incredible strength that both Gilgamesh and Enkidu had was the origin of their friendship. Coupled with bravery and strength the two set out to fight Humbaba who is a fierce and destructive god. Luckily, they kill Humbaba and later on the Bull of Heaven. Their act ions evolve into misery because the gods are angry and ready to avenge. Decisively, either Enkidu or Gilgamesh has to die and the move leaves the two friends in a dilemma. Thus, friends can either build or destroy you. Due to their friendship, Gilgamesh and Enkidu become over confident to the extent of interfering with the spiritual world. In addition to Enkidu experiencing bad dreams, whose life is in danger between the two friends? The gods decide to kill the two friends for disobeying them. Surprisingly, they pick on Enkidu because of his inability to accomplish his mission. Fatefully, Enkidu becomes sick and dies within a short time leaving Gilgamesh alone. Moreover, Gilgamesh is to face the wrath of the gods soon after through death. Faced with grief and a bleak future, Gilgamesh mourns the death of Enkidu. As a friendship gesture, he calls on all the living and the non-living things to mourn Enkidu’s death. For instance, he says, â€Å"May the men of the mountains and hills mourn you/ May the†¦ /May the pasture lands shriek in mourning as if it were your mother† (Foster VIII 6-7). Furthermore, he calls mountains, rivers, hills, trees and wild animals’ among other things to mourn Enkidu’s death. The death of a friend is like a blow to one’s life an experience Gilgamesh is unable to overcome. The poet is enlightening the society that although friendship is a temporary act it is vital for company, motivation and encouragement. Moreover, the death of a close friend may lead to both psychological and emotional torture. For example, Gilgamesh resorts to wearing wild animal skins and abandons his kingdom. Unfortunately, his death was also on the way and besides dying, he is to experience the wrath of the gods while in the underworld. He embarks on a journey to research on death, which he unravels that it is the destiny for all human beings. Gilgamesh resorts to changing his character before his death because according to the gods he has a few days to live. He laments his lose by saying â€Å"I have not secured any good deed for myself (Foster XI 107). Nevertheless, critical analysis of the events shows that the appearance of Enkidu and his subsequent friendship with Gilgamesh changes his life. If Enkidu had not died then the friendship between the two of them could end up disastrous because their partnership motivated them to face the gods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Epic of Gilgamesh specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The encounter between Gilgamesh and Enkidu becomes a solution to the problems of the people of Uruk. After the death of Enkidu Gilgamesh unknowingly, establishes a good relationship with his subjects. The friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu had both a positive and negative impact. Their friendship motivated them to be disobedient to both their elders and the gods, which lead to their deaths. In brief, the epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem that elaborates gives a vivid description on the impact of friendship. The poet uses the encounter of Gilgamesh and Enkidu, their fight and eventual agreement to build on the theme of friendship. In addition, the death of Enkidu and the grieving of Gilgamesh with the eventual change of his character also highlight the theme of friendship. Finally, due to their actions, death befalls both of them but Enkidu dies first. Therefore, through Shamhat and more so Gilgamesh and Enkidu the poem implicitly shows the impact of friends in an individual’s life. Works Cited Foster, Benjamin.The Epic of Gilgamesh. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 2001. Print This essay on The Epic of Gilgamesh was written and submitted by user Jolie Griffith to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. The Epic of Gilgamesh Abstract Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk, was a tyrant and a leader who greatly oppressed his charges. He considered himself to be God which led to the fact that he perceived himself much superior to others.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Epic of Gilgamesh specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Enkidu, another man who is also depicted in the Epic of Gilgamesh as having a power in terms of how he treated his companions, meets King Gilgamesh in some of the scenes in the epic ensuing their unrivalled friendship later. The theme of love can be traced in the behavior of these two friends as well. As a sign of platonic love for his new-found friend, Gilgamesh offers Enkidu a portion of his treasures and shares his power with him. These two themes become very evident and obvious when Enkidu dies. On realizing that he can never have again his great friend by his side, the king cries in grief and embarks on a journey to achieve his immortality. The ancient Mesopotamian societies depicted love and power in many areas. Most recorded stories have shown that people in power proclaimed themselves as deities in an attempt to show superiority to others. Another notable attribute of the male rulers is their oppression of women. Women were usually given the role of doing house chores and making sure that their husbands are attended to. This form of male chauvinism shows similar traits among the rulers of the present day society and those in the Mesopotamian society. Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is perhaps one of the oldest epic poems that were ever recorded. It tells the story of Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk, who ruled the empire between 2750 and 2500 BCE.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The epic portrays how Gilgamesh, an arrogant and oppressive leader, met and made friends with a savage called Enkidu who had in turn a tremendous impact on his life. This paper seeks to discuss how the themes of love and power permeate the poem. It also makes parallels between the Mesopotamian society and the modern one in terms of both themes under discussion. The theme of Love Love is seen as a major theme in the Epic of Gilgamesh. This theme motivates changes within the characters. An example of such a change is evident in Enkidu who was believed to be an introvert formed from clay and siliva by Aruru. At first, Enkidu is portrayed as a very wild man who was brought up by animals. He knows very little about other human beings and their way of life. Later on in the poem, he interacts with human beings and starts to get used to the new environment. There occurs a turning point in Enkudu’s life. He drew closer to civilization by interacting with human beings and this climaxed in wrestling match with Gilgamesh. This friendship with Gilgamesh makes Enkidu shun his wild character and embrace a nobler demeanor (Damrosch Pike, 2009). The platonic love visible between these two men also changes Gilgamesh’ character from being a dictator and tyrant to the one of a hero and a role model. Gilgamesh slowly shuns away his arrogance and Enkidu is hence able to accomplish the goal he was set out to achieve.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Epic of Gilgamesh specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The strong friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu continues to flourish and the king makes Enkidu his constant companion in all his adventures until Enkidu meets his tragic death. This loss instills a tremendous grief in Gilgamesh being the sign of how strong their love was for each other. He further continues looking for ways of making himself immortal. His efforts are, unfortunately, futile and he resumes his kingship on Earth (Lockard, 2007). The theme of Power In the Epic of Gi lgamesh, there are two kinds of power that can be traced through the poem. One type is the power that is based on culture and knowledge that Gilgamesh represents. The other type of power is the one exhibited by Enkidu. This is the wild power of the dignified savage (Fox, 2011). When both enter into a discussion on the issue of powers, there seems to develop a paradox. In the earlier stages of the poem, Gilgamesh starts out as the powerful dictator who possesses a great amount of knowledge about everything. He is the proclaimed lord of wisdom and even seems to know the secrets of life before the Flood. This power makes him a feared ruler, a king full of valor who even slays monsters. He also conquers other kings and takes over their kingdoms making him famous and feared far and wide. The paradox is seen in the fact that although Gilgamesh claims to be such a powerful and wise ruler, his way of ruling is considered inept and unbecoming. He mistreats his subjects and his actions as a l eader make them feel offended. Since Gilgamesh is partly a God, perhaps his vengeful and lustful demeanor can be attributed to the nature of most of the gods as portrayed in the poem.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The power in the poem is also inherent in the character of Enkidu. Before his interaction with Gilgamesh and the rest of mankind, Enkidu lives alone in a forest and his behavior is similar to his animal counterparts. Through Enkidu’s joint living and socializing with animals, one can regard Enkidu as the one who exercises power since he leads the animals in most of the activities they perform together (Fox, 2011). An example of his superiority is in the scene when he leads his animals to the watering place. After meeting his loving friend Gilgamesh, Enkidu transmits his power to be a good king’s companion. He accumulates Gilgamesh’s treasures and adapts to the king’s lifestyle, the one that is very different from the savage life he has used to. After Enkidu has met his tragic death, there is a paradoxical shift of power as Gilgamesh changes from his arrogant character to the one of a savage. He does so in an attempt to live like Enkidu in order to gain mo re knowledge about death trying to acquire immortality (Lockard, 2007). Love in the Mesopotamian society The aspect of love has been portrayed in most stories that relate to the Mesopotamian society. An example is the story of Inanna, the Sumerian Goddess’s love of war and Dumuzi, the mortal shepherd and the king’s kin. The courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi has often been seen as the source of Solomon’s love song to Sheba. As Inanna seeks for advice on how she should get ready to tell lies to Dumuzi, she runs to her mother Ningal who anoints her with sacred oil before Dumuzi. The reason for carrying out such an activity consists in the fact that this oil contains vital elements that cleanse the body. These are air, water, earth and fire. This shows how the ancient Mesopotamians viewed intimacy being a sacred activity which needed one to cleanse his or her body before engaging in a sexual intercourse. Power in the Mesopotamian society Power in Mesopotamia was closel y related to religion. Most kings in this region were wholly divine with Naram-sin of Akkad being an example. Naram-sin was the first ruler of Mesopotamia to declare his divinity. He was sure in his popularity truly believing that people of Akkad wanted him to be the god of their city. This period of self-deification by the king of Akkad led to notable changes of religion which saw the proliferation of the cult of the Ishtar, the goddess of war and love. Ur, the king of the Third Dynasty, is another ruler who declared himself divine with an aim of uniting the empires he has inherited from his father. Other kings such as Hammurabi of Babylon and Rim-Sin of Larsa seemed to declare themselves as deities in an attempt to consolidate their empires. Therefore, a conclusion can be reached that most leaders in Mesopotamia made an effort to transform themselves into gods in order to make their empires stronger and appear to be more powerful in the eyes of their charges and those of other kin gdoms. In regards to the way women were generally treated in Mesopotamia, it must be noted that their roles were strictly defined. The only women who acted outside their roles of mothers and wives were either deities of wives or daughters of kings. From their childhood, women were trained to stick to their traditional roles of being wives and keepers of their houses. As soon as a girl reached puberty, she was considered ready for marriage and a suitor was searched for her. It was then the obligation of the groom’s family to cater for marriage expenses. Once engaged, the woman was no longer considered as part of her father’s family but she was now a member of her groom’s. If for any reason the man she was to marry passed away, she would be married off to one of the groom’s brothers or any other his relative. This depicts men’s power over women and how they were treated as property. Love and power in present day society There are various similarities of love and power in the Mesopotamian society as compared to the present day society. Love in the Mesopotamian between the man and the woman was about deep emotions for each other and engaging in social activities that make their bond stronger. Romantic love in modern society is similar to that of the Mesopotamian society. In some instances, it is depicted with some eroticism between spouses and at the same time, where the man and the woman strive to obtain the values that enable them to maintain faithfulness in their relationship. However, the modern society demands couples to exhibit more of eroticism in order to consolidate emotional commitment. Couples in the present day society need to engage in behaviors that bring excitement in the relationship. This is what Turner (2011) refers to as the ‘commercialization and democratization of love’. The oppression of women is also common in the modern society as it was in the ancient Mesopotamian. As noted earlier, a female child was trained on how to play her role as the housekeeper and her main purpose was to obey to her husband’s desires and orders. This is though also evident in the present society. In most capitalist states, women are never given a chance to rule or involve themselves in decision making whether at home or at public meetings. This situation is also experienced in non-capitalist societies who mostly justify this by patriarchy (Marinetto, 2007). Since most communities view man as the head of the household, the woman should submit to him and be the second in command. Religions such as Christianity also confirm the belief that the woman should not be given the chance to lead at the expense of a male counterpart. In some societies, the oppression of the female is associated with the economy of the country. Marinetto (2007) adds that some systems concentrate on bringing up a healthy and energetic workforce that will help in building the economy. Since men are considered to be more energetic as compared to their female counterparts, more resources will hence be offered to them as a means of making sure that the country has a strong economy. Conclusion Love and power are two themes that permeate the Epic of Gilgamesh. At first, Gilgamesh is a powerful dictator with an oppressive attitude towards his charges. After meeting Enkidu, he shows unrivalled platonic love for his new friend who helps him get transformed from being a savage who lives with animals to a civilized human being living in the society. Enkidu also changes the character of Gilgamesh and the king improves on his demeanor of being a tyrant. The aspect of love and power as portrayed by rulers of ancient societies shows great similarities with the way the rulers of modern societies perceive it. Men and women in the present day society also strive to make great efforts in maintaining their relationships in an attempt to make their bonds stronger. References Damrosch, D. Pike, D.L. (2009). Instructo r’s Manual to Accompany the Longman Anthology of World Literature. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Fox, R. (2011). The Tribal Imagination: Civilization and the Savage Mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Lockard, C.A. (2007). Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History–Volume I to 1500. Cengage Learning. Marinetto, M. (2007). Social Theory, the State and Modern Society. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill International. Turner, B.S. (2011). Religion and Modern Society: Citizenship, Secularisation and the State. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. This research paper on The Epic of Gilgamesh was written and submitted by user Santiago Stein to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. The Epic of Gilgamesh The epic of Gilgamesh

olaudah equiano essays

olaudah equiano essays Olaudah Equiano called Gustavus Vassa by his white masters, became a legend through his words. In 1788 England published his autobiographical work, Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative, which set the precedent for anti-slavery literature written by former slaves themselves. This would have a profound impact on the abolition movements in the eighteenth century. Born in a small village called Eboe, Equiano would travel far before his death in 1797. African slave traders took him from his family when he was eleven, thus beginning a journey that can be compared to no other. Equiano's narrative reveals the difference between slavery in Africa and the West. The West was much more cruel and inhumane. Equiano recalls that slavery was a part of the Eboe world but, unlike the European exploitation of Africans by Westerners, Eboe slaves were acquired as prisoners for committing inhumane acts. Equiano's enslavement did not follow the rules of his land, he was taken as a young innocent boy. Equiano was fortunate to have mostly kind masters. He nevertheless recalls his African masters as like second families to him. Many spoke the same language and had similar customs. As he was passed from master to master, the differences in languages and cultures became greater. Equiano now had to assimilate to each culture, usually by force. The purpose of Equiano's narrative was to heighten the awareness of those who had little knowledge of the cruelty of the institution of slavery. Through Equiano's vivid accounts of the mistreatment of blacks, the reader is able to understand the malicious treatment Equiano and other slaves endured. After being taken from his family and living with some African masters, Equiano then endured the notorious trials associated with the voyage across the Atlantic known as the middle passage. Equiano tells of the horror he faced while aboard the ship, "I was not ...

Give a Speech People Remember

Give a Speech People Remember What makes a speech a great speech, one people remember, especially your teacher? The key is in your message, not your presentation. Use the six sticky principles taught by Chip Heath and Dan Heath in their book Made to Stick: Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die, and give a speech youll get an A on. Unless you live in a cave, you know the story of Jared, the college student who lost hundreds of pounds eating Subway sandwiches. Its a story that almost wasnt told for the same reasons that many of our papers and speeches are boring. We get so filled up with statistics and abstractions and all the things we know, that we forget to share the simple message at the core of what were trying to communicate. Subway executives wanted to talk about fat grams and calories. Numbers. While right under their noses was a concrete example of what eating at Subway can do for you. The ideas the Heath brothers teach are ideas that will make your next paper or speech memorable, whether your audience is your teacher or the entire student body. Here are their six principles: Simplicity - find the essential core of your messageUnexpectedness - use surprise to grab people’s attentionConcreteness - use human actions, specific images to convey your ideaCredibility - put hard numbers aside and bring your case closer to home, ask a question that helps your reader decide for him- or herselfEmotions - make your reader feel something, for people, not for abstractionsStories - tell a story that illustrates your message Use the acronym SUCCESs to help you remember: SimpleUnexpectedConcreteCredibleEmotionalStories Lets take a brief look at each ingredient: Simple - Force yourself to prioritize. If you had only one sentence in which to tell your story, what would you say? What is the single most important aspect of your message? Thats your lead. Unexpected - Do you remember the TV commercial for the new Enclave minivan? A family piled into the van on their way to a football game. Everything seems normal. Bang! A speeding car slams into the side of the van. The message is about wearing seat belts. You are so shocked by the crash that the message sticks. Didn’t see that coming? the voiceover says. No one ever does. Include an element of shock in your message. Include the extraordinary. Concrete - Include what the Heath brothers call tangible actions by human beings. I have a friend who consults in the area of organizational development. I can still hear him asking me after I told him what I was hoping to achieve with my staff, What does that look like? Exactly what behaviors do you want to change? Tell your audience exactly what it looks like. If you can examine something with your senses, the Heath brothers say, it’s concrete. Credible - People believe things because their family and friends do, because of personal experience, or because of faith. People are naturally a tough audience. If you don’t have an authority, expert, or celebrity to endorse your idea, what’s the next best thing? An anti-authority. When an ordinary Joe, who looks like your next-door neighbor or your cousin, tells you something works, you believe it. Clara Peller is a good example. Remember the Wendy’s commercial, â€Å"Where’s the Beef?† Almost everyone does. Emotional - How do you make people care about your message? You make people care by appealing to the things that matter to them. Self-interest. This is the core of sales of any kind. It’s more important to emphasize benefits than features. What will the person gain from knowing what you have to say? Youve probably heard of WIIFY, or the Whiff-y, approach. What’s in it for you? The Heath brothers say this should be a central aspect of every speech. Its only part of it, of course, because people aren’t that shallow. People are also interested in the good of the whole. Include an element of self or group affiliation in your message. Stories - The stories that are told and retold usually contain wisdom. Think of Aesops Fables. They have taught generations of children lessons of morality. Why are stories such effective teaching tools? Partly because your brain can’t tell the difference between something you imagine to be happening and that thing actually happening. Close your eyes and imagine standing on the edge of a 50-story building. Feel butterflies? This is the power of story. Give your reader or audience an experience theyll remember. Chip Heath and Dan Heath also have a few words of caution. They advise that the three things that hang people up the most are these: Burying the lead - make sure your core message is in your first sentence.Decision paralysis - take care not to include too much information, too many choicesThe curse of knowledge -Presenting an answer requires expertiseTelling others about it requires you to forget what you know and think like a beginner Made to Stick is a book that will not only help you write more effective speeches and papers, it has the potential to make you a more memorable force wherever you walk through the world. Do you have a message to share? At work? In your club? In the political arena? Make it stick. About the Authors Chip Heath is a Professor of Organizational Behavior in the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University. Dan is a columnist for Fast Company magazine. He has spoken and consulted on the topic of making ideas stick with organizations such as Microsoft, Nestle, the American Heart Association, Nissan, and Macys. You can find them at MadetoStick.com.

History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

History - Assignment Example The Palestinian partisans were funded and backed by the Arab neighbors. On May 1967, Nassar (Egypt's President) had the UN withdraw from Egypt. He then sent tanks and troops into the Sinai. Israel responded by moving troops as well. On June 5, 1967 Israel attacked the Egyptian air forces. With Israeli air planes protecting their troops and tanks, they easily took the Sinai. If the UN would not have stopped the war, Israel would have gone further into Egyptian territory. Israel also captured Jerusalem and Golan Heights during this war. Israel won the Six Day War. The Yom Kippur War led to Syria and Egypt to attack Israel again. This time after battles and negotiations, Israel gave back the Sinai and parts of other territory taken in the Six Day War. However this war lead to the Camp David Accords and led to Egypt recognizing Israel as a state. I.D. the following terms in paragraph format. Make sure you include ALL INFORMATION from the book: Do NOT just copy from the book. You must put these in your own words. (worth 5 points each) 1. Palestinian refugees Palestinian refugees are Arabs caught on Israeli land or in the Occupied Territories after the wars between Israel and their Arab neighbors. These individuals are waiting to be given citizenship by Israel or liberated by the country Israel took the land from.

LAW2112 European Single Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LAW2112 European Single Market - Essay Example However, under Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 issued on October 15 1968 on freedom of movement, which renders inapplicable statutory, administrative and regulatory provisions that have the effect of limiting the employment of nationals of other Member States and are not applicable to its own citizens or even if applicable but has the chief aim of hindering the employment of the nationals of other Member States, linguistic requirements are held exempted. Put differently, a Member State may require workers from other Member States certain linguistic competence if the same â€Å"is required by reason of the nature of the post† (Article 3 s[1]) without violating the rule on national discrimination. If Greta is going to teach music within UK providing music lessons to students eight hours a week, she has the right to enjoy freedom of residence albeit temporarily under the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU as a person providing services of profession. Under Article 56 of the said Treaty on the right of establishment, EU citizens have the right to provide services anywhere within the EU even beyond their respective national borders. Services under the Treaty context may refer to either one of the following: activities of an industrial character; activities of a commercial character; activities of craftsmen, and; activities of the professions (Article 57, Treaty on the Functioning of the EU). Greta may come within the ambit of one giving services involving activities of the music profession. Costas cannot be rejected on the ground that being a postman is an â€Å"employment of public service† because it does not entail an exercise, directly or indirectly, of public power or the protection of the interest of the state. Under the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, the freedom of movement of workers from one Member State to other Member States within the EU is not applicable to public service employment. Article 45, s (d) specifically states that

The Purple Rose of Cairo Essay Example for Free

The Purple Rose of Cairo Essay Film has captured and enchanted audiences since its origination with the Lumiere Brothers; and, as it developed, it began to be used to convey messages and ideas. Film started to become a creative outlet that then turned to a catalyst of philosophical thought. Film theorist Sergei Einstein expressed that film â€Å"as a work of art, understood dynamically, is just the process of arranging images in the feelings and mind of the spectator†. Thus, directors began to realize that audience manipulation was possible through the images and sounds they delivered, as well as through the way these images and sounds were presented it all has an effect of how viewers thought of and interpreted the films. This is especially clear in the German film, Triumph of Will, directed by Leni Reifenstahl. While the film is brilliantly made, with moving cameras, the utilization of long focus lenses, aerial photography, and a revolutionary approach to musical accompaniment, the film was also incredibly propagandistic and manipulative at the time of it’s release. The entire film is a vehicle to promote the ideologies of Hitler; beginning with Germany’s near-destruction in World War I and depicting Hitler as a messiah, descending from the skies to greet his vehement followers. In the opening minutes of the film, there are close-up and over-the-shoulder shots of Hitler, making him seem rather personable, adored, and somewhat noble. There are also shots of children approaching him, showing that the ideas of innocence and purity are to be seen as parallel to the views and goals Hitler himself. Aesthetically, the entire film is superbly done, and politically its manipulative powers are astonishing. By showing Germany as unified under the divine rule of Hitler, it brought the nation together and created one of the most destructive and powerful nations in the 1940s. While film can be used as propaganda, like in Nazi Germany, it can also be used to provoke thought, rather than control it, manipulate it, or deceive it. In Woody Allen’s film The Purple Rose of Cairo, the audience is pushed to move beyond the appearance of things and consider other worlds, other perspectives. For the heroine, Cecilia, film is an escape and an impossible inspiration. According to the fictitious movie (The Purple Rose of Cairo), the purple rose itself is supposed to grow in a pharaoh’s tomb the expression of a perfect love. However, no flower can grow without light making it an impossible inspiration. According to Plato, and to partially to Allen, our relationship with truth is rather grim. When we attend movies we are much like Plato’s captives, chained facing a cave wall, only seeing a world of shadows our reality is suspended. But another point is made; although we can be deceived by shadows, we are also capable of understanding and questioning anything, shadows included. Yes, film is an escape from reality and the idea of being able to truly escape a somewhat horrid life is unimaginably wonderful, but thats just it it is an idea. Change has to be brought on by oneself, not an unreliable outside source, and perfection is an illusion. I as a viewer absolutely love how Allen presents these ideologies in The Purple Rose of Cairo. He gives it an unconventional point of view, setting up a series of contrasts between perfection and imperfection, reality and illusion, loving someone and being in love with someone, that forces us to think about film as well as the actual content of the film. And this all ties back to Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†; our life is veiled and we must aspire to leave and become less dependent on the shadow world. What is interesting is that, in the film, Allen makes the audience unsure of which world is the shadow world and which is the illusion. The perfect world becomes the film world and the false one is the desired reality. As entertainment, the film is great a nonsensical romantic comedy with a less-than-happy ending; but philosophically it goes much deeper than that, provoking audiences to think about reality and the importance of imperfection. While on the subject of imperfection, a third film demands some attention. Alejandro Amenabar’s The Sea Inside presents a whole new perspective on what perfection in life is. Many people see suicide as a selfish act removing yourself from the lives of your loved ones far earlier than they would have liked. However, the question of who is more selfish is posed. Is it the people who remove themselves when they feel no more connection to life; or the people who expect those who want to leave to stay, regardless of their misery or feelings of lacking true connection to the vibrancy of life? Thus are the questions presented to audiences upon viewing this film. In my mind, everyone should have the freedom to choose the life they want to live, or not live; and to choose what meaning they take out of said life. In Clendine’s â€Å"The Good Short Life†, it is said that we speak of living life, but never of death. That â€Å"we act as if facing death weren’t one of life’s greatest, most absorbing thrills and challenges† and that being incoherent and immobile until one only sees friends and family as â€Å"a passing cloud†. Both Clendine and Ramon didn’t want to put their loved ones through that, and taking one’s life seemed to be the best solution. Both were â€Å"vital to the end, and knew when to leave†. In my opinion, if someone has legitimate, justifiable reasons to want to leave this earth (such as a degenerative disease), that they have a right to do so. And if they cannot on their own accord due to that degenerative disease, I think that others (physicians, family members, friends) should be legally permitted to assist them. They shouldn’t be obligated to assist, but if they give consent and are willing to aid, I think they should be permitted. Mark from Breathing Lessons and Ramon were also similar on a few levels, but Mark had more hope and determination to live with dignity. Unlike Ramon who saw his life as undignified, Mark viewed it more as excessively challenging. Mark still desired life though considered suicide, but â€Å"chickened out† showing that he did truly still want to live. Ramon, however, was lost in his melancholy and nostalgia for the past, choosing to disregard the possibilities the future could bring. I think that it is a personal choice and that each individual should be given the liberty of making that choice. The phrase â€Å"dying with dignity† always reminds me of greek mythology when humiliated warriors would throw themselves on their swords for an honorable death, rather than live life in humility. I think Ramon saw his life as more humiliating and therefore wanted to throw himself on his sword, so to speak. With this, I think that the US should have a â€Å"death with dignity† law. Everyone has a right to life, as well as a right to death. Film is one of the most influential and powerful media. It’s capabilities to provoke, cultivate, and manipulate audience thought is incredible and worth studying. The innovations that film itself has gone through the amount of genres it contains, special effects, and advancements in sound all contribute to film as a whole, and all contribute to the beauty of how film is created and suspends the reality of viewers if only for an hour or two.

Alan Greenspan :: essays research papers

Alan Greenspan took office June 19, 2004, for a fifth term as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Dr. Greenspan also serves as Chairman of the Federal Open Market Committee, the System's principal monetary policymaking body. He originally took office as Chairman and to fill an unexpired term as a member of the Board on August 11, 1987. Dr. Greenspan was reappointed to the Board to a full 14-year term, which began February 1, 1992, and ends January 31, 2006. He has been designated Chairman by Presidents Reagan, Bush, Clinton, and Bush. Dr. Greenspan was born on March 6, 1926, in New York City. He received a B.S. in economics (summa cum laude) in 1948, an M.A. in economics in 1950, and a Ph.D. in economics in 1977, all from New York University. Dr. Greenspan also has performed advanced graduate study at Columbia University. From 1954 to 1974 and from 1977 to 1987, Dr. Greenspan was Chairman and President of Townsend-Greenspan & Co., Inc., an economic consulting firm in New York City. From 1974 to 1977, he served as Chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers under President Ford, and from 1981 to 1983, as Chairman of the National Commission on Social Security Reform. Dr. Greenspan has also served as a member of President Reagan's Economic Policy Advisory Board, a member of Time magazine's Board of Economists, a senior adviser to the Brookings Panel on Economic Activity, and a consultant to the Congressional Budget Office. His previous Presidential appointments include the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, the Commission on Financial Structure and Regulation, the Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, and the Task Force on Economic Growth. Before his appointment to the Board, Dr. Greenspan served as a corporate director for Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa); Automatic Data Processing, Inc.; Capital Cities/ABC, Inc.; General Foods, Inc.; J.P. Morgan & Co., Inc.; Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York; Mobil Corporation; and The Pittston Company. His noncorporate positions have included Member of the Board of Trustees, The Rand Corporation; Director, Institute for International Economics; Member of the Board of Overseers, Hoover Institution (at Stanford University); and Vice Chairman and Trustee, Economic Club of New York. Dr. Greenspan has served as Chairman of the Conference of Business Economists, President and Fellow of the National Association of Business Economists, and Director of the National Economists Club.

Human fossil findings in Indonesia

Indonesia is an of import state to analyze about human beginnings and development, due to many sites within cardinal Java, such as Sangiran and Ngandong which account for 75 per centum of the world’s Homo erectus findings ( Frederick & A ; Worden, 2011 ) . Development of Homo sapiens in Indonesia has shown Indonesian archipelago was inhabited by Homo erectus, which were known as the â€Å"Java Man† , between 1.5 million old ages ago and resent as 35,000 old ages ago. About 800,000 old ages ago, some of the earliest hominids of the archipelago made tools, constructed boats, used fire, and had a linguistic communication ( Fredrick & A ; Worden, 2011 ) .Furthermore, about 600,000 old ages ago, these hominids have developed a more complex and civilised civilization which was scattering throughout Indonesia ( Fredrick & A ; Worden, 2011 ) . Patterns of development started to organize through hunting, fishing, and making communities which depended on tools made of stuffs such as shell, wood, bamboo, and rock ( Fredrick & A ; Worden, 2011 ) . The most recent finds in human dodos, were in 2004 on the island of Flores, Indonesia, which is located between Bali and Timor. Flores, Indonesia is one of many Wallacean islands, which lie E of Wallace ‘s Line and west of Lydekker ‘s Line.Teams of archaeologists found an wholly new type of hominid species at the Liang Bua digging site, which has since been named Homo floresiensis. This type of hominid has been considered a new hominid type that had locally evolved, was a well smaller hominid, and was assorted between Homo erectus and modern worlds ( Fredrick & A ; Worden, 2011 ) . Homo floresiensis was a dwarf homo, which lived at Liang Bua between at least 95,000 and 13,000 old ages ago. The species was believed to hold used rock tools, fire, and hunted little animate beings found on Flores ( Foley, 2005 ) . The freshly found remains had a skull that appeared to belong to a hominine species, perchance belonging to a kid sing its size, but one time the staying parts of its skull and dentitions were found and they concluded it did non belong to a kid, but an grownup. The remains of this hominines partial skeleton was found and, the likes of which had ne'er been discovered before.Today, this specimen is referred to as Liang Bua 1 ( Smithsonian Institution, 2014 ) . The earliest modern worlds coexisted with their hominid relations for 1000s of old ages, although there is no grounds of this at Liang Bua ( Fredrick & A ; Warden, 2011 ) . Although Indonesia is highly diverse ethnically, with more than 350 distinguishable cultural groups that are recognized, along with 13 linguistic communications spoken by 1 million talkers ( Fredrick & A ; Warden, 2011 ) . Human in-migration to the islands of Indonesia occurred as long ago as 3000BC, and was uninterrupted for about 3000 old ages. Peoples immigrated to Indonesia in little groups and established independent civilisations all around the seashore, on occasion coexisting with the hostile posterities of â€Å"Java Man† ( Frederick & A ; Worden, 2011 ) . In the following several millenary Indonesia developed cultural features that still exist today such as rice agribusiness, ceramic and metal engineering and the enlargement of long distance seal travel and trade. Earlier dwellers used horticultural economic system in which they grew cereals, created clayware and rock tools during the period 2500 to 500 B.C ( Glasscase, 2011 ) . During the period between 500 B.C. and A.D. 500, as the people of the archipelago progressively interacted with South and East Asia, metals and domesticated farm animate beings were introduced ( Glasscase, 2011 ) . The Dongson civilization, which originated in Vietnam and southern China around 1000 BC, spread to Indonesia, conveying irrigated rice turning techniques, husbandry accomplishments ; buffalo forfeit rites, bronze casting, the usage of raising megaliths, and ikat weaving methods. By 700 BC, Indonesia was dotted with lasting small towns where life was linked to rice production ( Alone Planet, 2014 ) . These early colonists were animists, believing all objects had a life force or psyche. The liquors of the dead had to be honored, as they could still assist the life and influence natural events, while evil liquors had to be warded off with offerings and ceremonials. As there was a belief in the hereafter, arms and utensils were left in grave for usage in the following universe. By the first century AD, little lands, were little more than aggregations of small towns with a leader, which evolved from Java ( Lonely Planet, 2014 ) . The island’s changeless hot temperature, abundant rainfall and volcanic dirt were ideal for wet field rice cultivation. The organisation this required may explicate why the Javanese developed a apparently more successful society than the other islands. It is non certain how Hinduism and Buddhism arrived in Indonesia. The oldest plants of Hindu art in Indonesia were found in Sulawesi and Sumatra in 3rdcentury AD ( Fredrick & A ; Worden, 1992 ) . One theory suggests that the development tribunals invited Brahman priests from India to watch over on religious and ritual forfeits, thereby supplying position to those in control ( Fredrick and Worden, 1992 ) . In earlier lands, the Hindu-Buddhist land of Sriwijaya rose in Sumatra ( an Indonesian island ) during the seventh century AD ( Lonely Planet, 2014 ) . It was the first major Indonesian sea power able to command the trade in Southeast Asia by being located on the Strait of Melaka. The Buddhist Sailendra dynasty and the Hindu Mataram dynasty flourished in Central Java ( the largest Indonesian island ) between the 8th and 10th centuries ( Alone Planet, 2014 ) . While Sriwijaya’s wealth came from trade, Javanese lands like Mataram had human labour at their disposal and developed as agricultural societies. At the terminal of the tenth century, the Mataram land declined. The Centre of power shifted from Central to East Java and it was a period when Hinduism and Buddhism were united and when Javanese civilization began to come into its ain ( Pearson Education, 2000-2014 ) . A series of lands held until the 1294 rise of the Majapahit land, which grew during the reign of Hayam Wuruk from 1350 to 1389 ( Pearson Education, 2000-2014 ) . Its territorial enlargement can be credited to military commanding officer Gajah Mada, who helped the land claim control over the archipelago, claiming power over smaller lands and obtaining trading rights from them. After Hayam Wuruk’s decease in 1389, the land began a steady diminution ( Pearson Education, 2000-2014 ) . The first Islamic letterings found in Indonesia day of the month from the eleventh century. Islam foremost took clasp in northern Sumatra, ( a western Indonesian island ) where Arab bargainers had settled by the thirteenth century. From the 15th and 16th centuries, Indonesian swayers made Islam the province faith. By the fifteenth century, the trading land of Melaka ( a little Malaysian province ) was making the tallness of its power and had embraced Islam ( Lonely Planet, 2014 ) . Its influence strengthened the spread of Islam through the archipelago. By the clip of the prostration of the Majapahit land ( based on the island of Java ) in the early 1500s, many of its orbiter lands had already declared themselves independent Islamic provinces ( Alone Planet, 2014 ) . Much of their wealth came from trading spices, and Islam followed the trade routes across the archipelago. By the terminal of the sixteenth century, a new sea power had emerged on Sulawesi, which had been settled by Malay bargainers and whose kingdoms spread far beyond the part ( Alone Planet, 2014 ) . Get downing in 1602, the Dutch easy established themselves as swayers of Indonesia and finally laid the foundation of the Indonesian province, by taking advantage of the failing of the little lands that had replaced that of Majapahit ( Pearson Education, 2000-2014 ) . During 300 old ages of regulation, the Dutch developed the Netherlands East Indies into one of the universe ‘s richest colonial ownerships, pull outing natural resources through local elites but making small to overhaul Indonesia. By the terminal of the Dutch regulation and after many wars and lives taken, the Indonesian people wanted to stand entirely and go united. The Indonesian people started to have a Dutch instruction for the kids of the Indonesian elite, and with that came Western political thoughts of freedom and democracy ( Alone Planet, 2014 ) . However, the first thoughts of Indonesian patriotism came from Islamic motions. Despite Dutch repression, the nationalist motion found a incorporate voice. In a historic proclamation in 1928, the All Indonesia Youth Congress proclaimed it’s Youth Pledge, following the impressions of one national individuality, one state and one linguistic communication ( Alone Planet, 2014 ) . The conflict for independency wavered between warfare and diplomatic negotiations. Under the Linggarjati Agreement of November 1946, the Dutch recognized the Republican authorities and both sides agreed to work towards an Indonesian federation under a Dutch commonwealth ( Pearson Education, 2000-2014 ) . The understanding was shortly swept aside as war escalated. The Dutch mounted a big offense in July 1947, doing t he United Nations to step in ( Pearson Education, 2000-2014 ) . In February 1948 the Dutch launched another onslaught on the Republicans, interrupting the United Nations understanding. Under force per unit area from the United States, which threatened to retreat its postwar assistance to the Netherlands, the Dutch negotiated for independency. On December 27, 1949 the Indonesian flag was raised at Jakarta’s Istana Merdeka, and power was officially handed over ( Pearson Education, 2000-2014 ) . . MentionsFoley, J. ( 2005, April 01 ) .Homo floresiensis: The hobbit. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/flores.htmlFrederick, W. , & A ; Worden, R. ( 1992 ) .Early Dutch east indies. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Indones.htmlFrederick, W. , & A ; Worden, R. ( 2011 ) .Indonesia a state survey. (6thed. ) . Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Glasscase, F. ( 2011, June 01 ) .Dutch east indies uncovered: Prehistoric Indonesia. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //indonesiauncovered.blogspot.com/2011/06/prehistoric-indonesia.htmlLonely Planet. ( 2014 ) .History of Indonesia. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/historyO'Neil, D. ( 1999 ) .Homo erectus. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //anthro.palomar.edu/homo/homo_2.htmPearson Education. ( 2000-2014 ) .Dutch east indies. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.factmonster.com/ipka/A01 07634.htmlProf. Palmer, Soc.3597.01, January 2014.Smithsonian Institution. ( 2014, January 27 ) .Hobbits on flores, Indonesia. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //humanorigins.si.edu/research/asian-research/hobbits

Texting While Driving

Stop Texting While Driving Introduction I. Attention Getter- audience participation/ survey a. How many of own a cell phone with texting privileges? b. Now how many of you have ever texted while driving? II. Thesis Statement- Did you know that texting while driving can be more dangerous than driving while drunk? III. Credibility- I found these statistics along with other information on drivinglaws. org and various other sites. IV. Preview- Today I will be discussing statistics, a few laws in different states, and a story in hopes that I will be able to persuade you to ignore texting while driving.Body I. So as I said, texting while driving is more dangerous than drinking while driving. a. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute conducted tests using drivers texting, drivers under the influence of alcohol, and drivers under the influence of marijuana. It has been proven that texting is more dangerous than being under the influence. In fact, a distracted driver is more likely to cause a n accident 2. 8 times as much as a non- distracted driver. The statistics from the study show that drivers, between the age of 17 and 24, reduce their reaction time by 35% while texting.As a driver under the influence of marijuana, reduces their reaction time by 21% and drivers while intoxicated, only 12%. b. Every day in 2008, 800,000 are using cellular devices while driving. Also, every year, 21% of fatal car crashes involve teens results from the distraction of a cell phone. Back in 2002, Harvard Center for Risk Analysis calculated that 2,600 people die each year because of the distraction of cell phones, and another 330,000 are injured. This estimate is expected to increase 4% each year. These deaths and injuries can be avoided if people would put down their cell phones when they get behind a wheel of a car.No text message is worth risking your life. II. Now, 19 states, the District of Columbia, and Guam ban any cell phone usage while driving. One of these states includes Arkans as which is where I lived before coming to college. The governor of Arkansas has passed several bills banning any cell phone usage while driving a motor vehicle. This includes the House Bill 1013 which went into effect back in October. It bans any driver of a motor vehicle to engage in text messaging. A few other states that ban the use of a cell phone while driving are Illinois, California, New York, and Indiana has a ban on any one under the age of 18.III. A lot of young drivers have so much confidence in their driving and texting skills that they think that nothing could ever happen to them. Some of you may even think that you’re a good enough driver that you can text and avoid an accident. I don’t know how well any of you can drive, but I do know you risk your life every time you pull out your cell while driving on the road. I found this video that is too long and too graphic for this speech but I encourage you to go on youtube after this class and watch this video .Just go to Youtube and type in UK texting accident and it will be the first link that pops up. Please watch this video and you will understand why I am stressing this topic. Conclusion I just discussed with you the statistics of driving while driving, states with laws prohibiting the use of cell phones while driving, a video link to visit, and a story from my high school town. I hope you will consider the information I just shared and I strongly urge you to visit the video link, UK texting accident. All I want you to remember after this speech is that no text message is worth risking your life. Texting While Driving When the cell phone was first invented it was made as a personal safety device especially if a person lived alone or some distance from family members. Many of us may line in regions of the country where sudden tornado or hurricanes could occur without warning. Then there are other events such as fires, flooding, and blizzards that may require a quick evacuation or move to a shelter. A cell phone is important to either get help to let others know a person’s location and level of safety. In today’s society cell phone are being used for texting and talking while driving. The state of Alabama is ranked 3rd in nation for texting while driving (State ranks 3rd for texting while driving). There are only six’s states that have passed laws against driving while using a cell phone California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Washington and Virginia (Cell Phone and Texting Laws) . Driving while using a cell phone is precarious because it cause accident, injuries, and deaths between the age 16 and 17. I’d be lying if I said I never text while driving. I recognize the dangers, and try to do it as little as possible. However, there are still incidents that occur. One day, I was driving down highway 14, passing Wal-Mart, and received a text from my mother asking what time football practice was. I went to reply and took my attention away from driving. This immediately endangered myself, and anyone else in the car, with me. Due to my irresponsible action I also endanger driving that surround me while texting. I have no ability to respond to events as they occur around me on the road. Even if I may be able to text while driving and maintain control and crashing if someone around was to do something dumb, my ability to react safety is severely diminished. According to (Push to stop Texting While Driving) 45 percent of drivers between the ages 16 and 17 texting while driving and it is a problem that is growing. In 2007 nearly 1,000 crashes involved 16-17 year old drivers’ (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics). For every 6 seconds of drive, a driver sending or receiving a text message. A trucker reaching for his or her phone or other device is 6. 7 times more likely to experience a truck accident. Amongst adult ant teenager drivers the use of cell phone has become very popular. Majority of teen drivers are influence by parents’ bad habits. They watch their parent bad habits driving with one hand while using their cellular phone. Parents need to be diligent in both telling and showing teenage drivers the safest way to drive while using a cellular phone. One good habit is pull over before making a call. According to (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics) 52 percent of 16 and 17 year old teen drivers answer cell phone on the road. Talking on a cell phone causes nearly 25 percent of accidents in 2008. Almost 6,000 people were killed and a half million was injured in crashes related to drivers who talk on their phones. Talking on a cell phone while driving can make a young driver reaction time slower than 70 year old. There were 1. 4 million crashes caused by cell phone conversation. And the reason why this is so dangerous because 48 percent of young American from 12-17 say they have been in a car while the driver was texting or talking while driving. The reason for all that is younger people fell a need to be constant contact with other. They put these things before the safety of other on the road. That is why driving using a cell phone is dangerous. Texting While Driving Cause/Effect Essay November 23, 2011 What effect has â€Å"Text Messaging† put on our lives? The term Text Message is defined as a noun, it is an electronic message sent over a cellular network from one cell phone to another by typing words, often in shortened form as â€Å"l8t† for â€Å"late† on the phones numeric or QWERTY keypad. (Dictionary. Com) Over the years text messaging to me has been taken out of content and has been used for things you would not imagine. The younger generations as well as the old are now using text messaging a lot and a lot of people know that it is an addicting activity. Text messaging is being used for many different things in today’s society, some things good and something’s bad. For example we use text messaging at our church in our choir to let the choir members know which colors to wear each Sunday. I honestly believe that text messaging has caused a lot of people to stop spelling out words. Text messaging in my opinion was designed to be a shorter and faster way of communication but in today’s society some people have put down the cell phone but have not started back writing there whole words. I say that to say text messaging also has an affect on peoples English in today’s society. By having an effect on peoples English that causes problems with the kids in school, because it is no secret that by fourth grade if not lower a lot of kids have cell phones and they have learned the activity of text messaging. As I stated before text messaging is a faster shorter way of communication which cause’s you to sometimes break down your words or spell them in ways that are shorter, with kids doing that sometimes it can get hooked to them and when there doing there school work they can misspell a lot of there words because in their head there still texting. This can cause kids to fail there classes due to simple mistakes from texting. This can be prevented though if parents control there kids texting and put a limit on it because if not texting can go a far way such as the term sexting, sexting is sending sexually explicit messages via cell phone or instant messenger. (About. com) you may say what does that have to do with the topic, I believe it has a lot to do with the topic because when you’re talking about texting that’s a big category. The young people in today’s society have taken texting to another level because there growing up and there body is going through different things and their emotions are raging. The best way I believe parents can talk to their kids about texting is to come to them in a way where your not judging them but also letting them know the consequences it could cause and give them time to talk also while you just listen. Sexting is one of the many ways texting can affect our life. Text messaging has become so convenient that people are now texting and driving at the same time which can be very dangerous. This has caused a lot of wrecks and police are really cracking down on this activity. Texting while driving laws have been put in place in some states studies show that Texting while driving laws prohibit the use of electronic devices to write, send or read messages while driving. I have known people to get tickets for texting and driving and have had to pay large fines. In this world today people drive so reckless and careless that your eyes should be on the road at all times when you’re driving. Texting while driving could cause your life or another driver’s life. In my closing I would like to say that I hope something has been said to show you how texting has a huge impact on our lives. Texting While Driving When the cell phone was first invented it was made as a personal safety device especially if a person lived alone or some distance from family members. Many of us may line in regions of the country where sudden tornado or hurricanes could occur without warning. Then there are other events such as fires, flooding, and blizzards that may require a quick evacuation or move to a shelter. A cell phone is important to either get help to let others know a person’s location and level of safety. In today’s society cell phone are being used for texting and talking while driving. The state of Alabama is ranked 3rd in nation for texting while driving (State ranks 3rd for texting while driving). There are only six’s states that have passed laws against driving while using a cell phone California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Washington and Virginia (Cell Phone and Texting Laws) . Driving while using a cell phone is precarious because it cause accident, injuries, and deaths between the age 16 and 17. I’d be lying if I said I never text while driving. I recognize the dangers, and try to do it as little as possible. However, there are still incidents that occur. One day, I was driving down highway 14, passing Wal-Mart, and received a text from my mother asking what time football practice was. I went to reply and took my attention away from driving. This immediately endangered myself, and anyone else in the car, with me. Due to my irresponsible action I also endanger driving that surround me while texting. I have no ability to respond to events as they occur around me on the road. Even if I may be able to text while driving and maintain control and crashing if someone around was to do something dumb, my ability to react safety is severely diminished. According to (Push to stop Texting While Driving) 45 percent of drivers between the ages 16 and 17 texting while driving and it is a problem that is growing. In 2007 nearly 1,000 crashes involved 16-17 year old drivers’ (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics). For every 6 seconds of drive, a driver sending or receiving a text message. A trucker reaching for his or her phone or other device is 6. 7 times more likely to experience a truck accident. Amongst adult ant teenager drivers the use of cell phone has become very popular. Majority of teen drivers are influence by parents’ bad habits. They watch their parent bad habits driving with one hand while using their cellular phone. Parents need to be diligent in both telling and showing teenage drivers the safest way to drive while using a cellular phone. One good habit is pull over before making a call. According to (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics) 52 percent of 16 and 17 year old teen drivers answer cell phone on the road. Talking on a cell phone causes nearly 25 percent of accidents in 2008. Almost 6,000 people were killed and a half million was injured in crashes related to drivers who talk on their phones. Talking on a cell phone while driving can make a young driver reaction time slower than 70 year old. There were 1. 4 million crashes caused by cell phone conversation. And the reason why this is so dangerous because 48 percent of young American from 12-17 say they have been in a car while the driver was texting or talking while driving. The reason for all that is younger people fell a need to be constant contact with other. They put these things before the safety of other on the road. That is why driving using a cell phone is dangerous. Texting While Driving When the cell phone was first invented it was made as a personal safety device especially if a person lived alone or some distance from family members. Many of us may line in regions of the country where sudden tornado or hurricanes could occur without warning. Then there are other events such as fires, flooding, and blizzards that may require a quick evacuation or move to a shelter. A cell phone is important to either get help to let others know a person’s location and level of safety. In today’s society cell phone are being used for texting and talking while driving. The state of Alabama is ranked 3rd in nation for texting while driving (State ranks 3rd for texting while driving). There are only six’s states that have passed laws against driving while using a cell phone California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Washington and Virginia (Cell Phone and Texting Laws) . Driving while using a cell phone is precarious because it cause accident, injuries, and deaths between the age 16 and 17. I’d be lying if I said I never text while driving. I recognize the dangers, and try to do it as little as possible. However, there are still incidents that occur. One day, I was driving down highway 14, passing Wal-Mart, and received a text from my mother asking what time football practice was. I went to reply and took my attention away from driving. This immediately endangered myself, and anyone else in the car, with me. Due to my irresponsible action I also endanger driving that surround me while texting. I have no ability to respond to events as they occur around me on the road. Even if I may be able to text while driving and maintain control and crashing if someone around was to do something dumb, my ability to react safety is severely diminished. According to (Push to stop Texting While Driving) 45 percent of drivers between the ages 16 and 17 texting while driving and it is a problem that is growing. In 2007 nearly 1,000 crashes involved 16-17 year old drivers’ (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics). For every 6 seconds of drive, a driver sending or receiving a text message. A trucker reaching for his or her phone or other device is 6. 7 times more likely to experience a truck accident. Amongst adult ant teenager drivers the use of cell phone has become very popular. Majority of teen drivers are influence by parents’ bad habits. They watch their parent bad habits driving with one hand while using their cellular phone. Parents need to be diligent in both telling and showing teenage drivers the safest way to drive while using a cellular phone. One good habit is pull over before making a call. According to (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics) 52 percent of 16 and 17 year old teen drivers answer cell phone on the road. Talking on a cell phone causes nearly 25 percent of accidents in 2008. Almost 6,000 people were killed and a half million was injured in crashes related to drivers who talk on their phones. Talking on a cell phone while driving can make a young driver reaction time slower than 70 year old. There were 1. 4 million crashes caused by cell phone conversation. And the reason why this is so dangerous because 48 percent of young American from 12-17 say they have been in a car while the driver was texting or talking while driving. The reason for all that is younger people fell a need to be constant contact with other. They put these things before the safety of other on the road. That is why driving using a cell phone is dangerous.

Twentieth Century Drama Essays

Twentieth Century Drama Essays Twentieth Century Drama Essay Twentieth Century Drama Essay Proctor obviously has a significant love for Elizabeth and is willing to surrender his good name in order to protect her. But this has a major reverse effect: This woman will never lie But Elizabeth does lie. She is trying to protect her husband and in doing so does the opposite. She puts Proctor under pressure and jeopardises the lives of the people on trial. I think in act three John Proctor has found his true self, even though he may not know it; he has come out of his guilt-ridden shell and is fighting for justice. Proctor is livid when Danforth accuses him of witchcraft; he feels that even though the he has spoken the truth, no one is listening. It is conveyed to the audience that Proctor cannot believe the sheer ignorance of this man, he is so angry at Danforth and the injustice of the situation that he says things he may later regret: I say I say God is dead! Miller suggests that Proctor does not truly mean what he is saying, but says it to finally get someone to listen and to tell Danforth that the way the court is being run, is not what God wants. This does not exactly help Proctors case against the allegations of witchcraft; it could be used as evidence that Proctor believes God is dead and therefore is working with the devil. Especially for the 1690s, this is seen as very powerful language, because religion is incredibly important and anyone that goes against it is perceived as wrong. Reverend Hale only wants the best for Proctor and is willing to persuade him to save his life by confessing, even though Hale knows that Proctor is innocent. Proctor has to make a decision and is torn between choosing his wife and children, or to leave the world with at least some dignity left: I want you living, John. Thats sure. Even though Proctor may have lost faith in himself, he still knows that he loves his wife and always will. At this point Proctor appears, to the audience, to be full of guilt and believes there is no good left in him, but from the audiences point of view Proctor is a good man, he may have sinned in the past, but has tried hard to be a worthy husband to Elizabeth. There is a certain level of irony conveyed during the play; John Proctor may be guilty of adultery, but he is certainly not guilty of committing witchcraft, which is what he is being accused of. Proctor could take inspiration from Giles a strong, gallantry man who barely spoke in order to save his land for his children as a way of helping make his decision. When Proctor decides to confess to save his life it is clear to the audience that he is full of doubt, he feels like a fraud and not as good as Elizabeth: I am no saint Let Rebecca go like a saint; for me it is fraud! Even though he has agreed to confess, he does not believe in what he is saying, which is not the true John Proctor. He is angry that it has come to this, either he confesses for a crime he did not commit or he is killed for telling the truth. But when Proctor is asked to give the names of others who are guilty of witchcraft he will not. He may have given his soul away, but he is not willing to take away the innocent lives of others. This shows that Proctor still has some sincerity left, even under the circumstances of life or death. To some extent the audience could say that Arthur Miller is trying to get an important point across through the character of John Proctor, which may reflect Millers own life: John Proctor the sinner might overturn his paralysing personal guilt and become the most forthright voice against the madness around him was a reassurance to me, and, I suppose, an inspiration. In some respects Millers own life is similar to the situation of the character of John Proctor; Arthur Miller had an affair in 1951 and, in 1957 was found guilty of a crime. But, unlike John Proctor, his conviction was overturned, ruling that Miller was misled by the chairman. During the first three acts of the play, John Proctor is conveyed through the text, body language and stage directions to be a guilt-ridden individual struggling to find his true self. But as the play develops into act 4, the audience can really see John Proctors true self emerge from his guilt ridden casing. The true John Proctor is kind hearted, caring and considerate to others. If he feels something should be said, he will not be afraid to say it. His true character demonstrates bravery and solemnity; this is conveyed to the audience mostly in the act 4 through his strong words and his bold actions. This is shown when Proctor rips the signed papers, because his morals and principles get the better of him, he will not have his dignity taken away from him. He is a good man.

Definition and Examples of Monologues

Definition and Examples of Monologues A monologue is a  speech or composition  presenting the words or thoughts of a single character. (Compare with dialogue.) Someone who delivers a monologue is called a monologuist or monologist. Leonard Peters describes a monologue as a dialogue between two people. One person speaking, the other listening and reacting, creating a relationship between the two (Demystifying the Monologue, 2006). Etymology From the Greek, speaking alone Examples and Observations It was the first day off in a long time, and all of us were trying to get a little rest and relaxation out by the pool at this big, modern hotel that looked something like a prison. If I had to call it anything I would call it a pleasure prison. It was the kind of place you might come to on a package tour out of Bangkok. Youd come down on a chartered bus - and youd probably not wander off the grounds because of the high barbed-wire fence they have to keep you in and the bandits out. And every so often you would hear shotguns going off as the hotel guards fired at rapid dogs down along the beach on the Gulf of Siam.But if you really wanted to walk on the beach, all you had to learn to do was pick up a piece of seaweed, shake it in the dogs face and everything would be hunky dory.(Spalding Gray, Swimming to Cambodia. Theatre Communications Group, 2005)A monologue is a predominantly verbal presentation given by a single person featuring a collection of ideas, often loosely assembled ar ound one or more themes. Note that I do not define it as a strictly verbal presentation; many, though certainly not all, successful monologuists also employ nonverbal elements to great effect, such as, their use of facial expressions and hand gestures, along with a variety of props and stage devices.(Jay Sankey, Zen and the Art of the Monologue. Routledge, 2000) Monologues and Dialogues A conversation is a dialogue, not a monologue. Thats why there are so few good conversations: due to scarcity, two intelligent talkers seldom meet.​  (Truman Capote)There is no such thing as conversation. It is an illusion. There are intersecting monologues, that is all. We speak; we spread round us with sounds, with words, an emanation from ourselves. Sometimes they overlap the circles that others are spreading around themselves. They they are affected by those other circles, to be sure, but not because of any real communication that has taken place, merely as a scarf of blue chiffon lying on a womans dressing table will change colour if she casts down on it a scarf of red chiffon.​  (Rebecca West, There Is No Conversation. The Harsh Voice, 1935) Two Versions of Hamlets Famous Monologue (Modernized Spelling) 1603 Version (Bad Quarto) To be, or not to be, aye theres the point, To die, to sleep, is that all? Aye, all. No, to sleep, to dream, aye, marry, there it goes, For in that dream of death, when we awake, And born before an everlasting judge, From whence no passenger ever returned, The undiscovered country, at whose sight The happy smile, and the accursed damned. But for this, the joyful hope of this. Whod bear the scorns and flattery of the world, Scorned by the right rich, the rich cursed of the poor? The widow being oppressed, the orphan wronged, The taste of hunger, or a tyrants reign, And thousand more calamities besides, To grunt and sweat under this weary life, When that he may his full quietus make, With a bare bodkin, who would this endure, But for a hope of something after death? Which puzzles the brain, and doth confound the sense, Which makes us rather bear those evils we have, Than fly to others that we know not of. Aye thatO this conscience makes cowards of us all. 1604-1605 Version (Second Quarto)To be, or not to be, that is the question:Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep - No moreand by a sleep to say we endThe heartache and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to! Tis a consummationDevoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep - To sleepperchance to dream: ay, theres the rub,For in that sleep of death what dreams may comeWhen we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause. Theres the respectThat makes calamity of so long life:For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppressors wrong, the proud mans contumely,The pangs of despised love, the laws delay,The insolence of office, and the spurnsThat patient merit of the unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear,To grunt and sweat under a weary life,But that the dread of something after dea th,The undiscovered country from whose bournNo traveller returns, puzzles the will,And makes us rather bear those ills we haveThan fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all,And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied over with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pitch and momentWith this regard their currents turn awryAnd lose the name of action.(William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act Three, scene 1) The Lighter Side of Monologues You know, there are some things that are actually harder to do with two people. Like, monologues.(Tina Fey as Liz Lemon in 30 Rock, 2006) Pronunciation: MA-neh-log Also Known As: dramatic soliloquy Alternate Spellings: monolog

SUMMARY Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

SUMMARY - Article Example Opinions may also be contradictory such as those on needs for high-quality social services and lower tax is an example. Public opinions may call for better quality of care but oppose tax increment that is necessary for the improvements. Misinformation is another limitation to governance by public opinion. People either lack facts on issues of moderate facts to suit their values and beliefs and these misinform opinions. Another factor to misinformation is lack of attention to available information. A significant percentage of American students, for example, do not know popular facts as British prime minister. Public opinion may however be valid without knowledge but knowledge of consequences is important. The author concludes by arguing that being informed is a necessity for better ability to solve problems and influence developments in the society. He notes availability of sources of information and advocates for dedication of time to these sources for informed public